HISTORY
The
history of Harewood goes back to ancient times, and structures date from the
12th (Harwood Castle) and 14th centuries (Gawthorpe Hall). Remnants of the
castle remain on the estate, and excavation work is now being done on Gawthorpe
Hall which was demolished in the 1770s when construction on Harewood House was
completed.
In 1739
the Harewood and Gawthorpe estates were purchased by Henry Lascelles, who had
made a large fortune in the West Indies sugar trade. Following his death in1753, his son Edwin
took possession of Harewood.
Construction on Harewood House began 1759 by a who’s who of 18th century
builders and designers: builder John Carr, interior designer and architect
Robert Adam, landscape architect Capability Brown, and furniture maker Thomas
Chippendale. Edwin Lascelles supervised
the construction himself. The house became habitable in 1771 although work
continued throughout the 1770s.
When Edwin
Lascelles died in 1795, the estate went to his cousin who was made Earl of
Harewood, and the house has remained in the family ever since. In 1843 the
third Earl employed Charles Barry, architect of the Houses of Parliament. Barry
was asked to heighten the wings of the
house, to alter the front and rear facades, and to create a new formal garden
on the south side of the building. He
also remodeled a number of rooms. Since then, the basic structure of the house
has remained intact.
The 6th
Earl was married to Princess Mary, Princess Royal, daughter of George V and the
aunt of Queen Elizabeth. Princess Mary lived at Harewood for 35 years and died
there in 1965.
Today the
house is still the family seat of the Lascelles family. David Lascelles is the
8th Earl. The house and grounds have been transferred into a trust ownership
structure under the management of the Harewood House Trust. Harewood House is
listed as one of the 10 Treasure Houses of England.
HOUSE
Built by
John Carr of York, furnished by master furniture-maker Thomas Chippendale, with
interiors by the celebrated Robert Adam, in the setting of one of Capability
Brown's finest landscape, it is not surprising that Harewood House is one of
the 10 great Treasure Houses of England.
The
exterior of the house is a product of Carr and Barry, with the latter having
the final say. The house consists of a central block with adjoining wings which
are connected to the main house with one-story links. The front entrance is dominated by a pediment
and six Corinthian columns. The south
front features Italianate terraces designed by Barry.
Harewood's State Bed |
The
interior of the house is pure Robert Adam:
soaring, beautifully painted ceilings; elaborate
plasterwork; ornate fireplaces; and striking mixed color schemes. Although he
had to work with fixed room sizes, Harewood House is considered one of Adam’s
greatest accomplishments. Chippendale
also had a great influence on the design of the house which still contains an
impressive collection of his furniture.
In fact, Harewood House was the largest commission of Chippendale’s
career (10 years and £10,000).
Of special
interest is the state bed in the state bedroom.
A popular fashion of the 18th century was to have a state bedroom suite
reserved for visiting royalty or heads of state. In the 19th century Barry did away with the
state suite and converted the bedroom into a sitting room (later used by
Princess Mary as her sitting room).
After Barry’s alteration, Chippendale’s state bed was put in storage for
150 years! In 1999 £200,000 was finally
raised to restore the bed and the state bedroom, which is now a highlight of
the tour.
Although
all the state rooms are impressive, especially noteworthy is the gallery which
includes paintings by Titian, Tintoretto, Giovanni Bellini and El Greco as well
as family portraits by Gainsborough, Reynolds, Romney, Hoppner and Lawrence.
Another interesting feature is that Harewood House has three libraries (the
main library, the old library, and the Spanish library) with more than 11,000
books. Also of special interest is the
china room which contains an important collection of Sèvres porcelain bought in
the early 19th century and a 1779 Bleu de Roi tea service that belonged to
Queen Marie-Antoinette.
GROUNDS
The
grounds are a joint product of Brown’s “natural” setting and Barry’s formal
garden. The most obvious manifestation
of Brown’s “natural” design is the man-made lake which can be viewed from
Barry’s terraces. Barry’s most spectacular contribution to the grounds are the
intricate geometric flowerbeds that run the entire width of the south front.
There is a
tea-room with seating on Barry’s terrace that overlooks the formal garden and
Brown’s landscape.--Cheryl Bolen's newest
release is Miss Hastings' Excellent London Adventure. Here's a picture
of Cheryl and Dr. Bolen having afternoon tea on the Harewood terrace.
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