By
the start of the 1800's one of the biggest innovations in horse fashion had
arrived--the Thoroughbred. Three
founding stallions--the Darley Arabian "Manak," the Godolphin Barb,
and the Byerley Turk--had been brought to England in the early 1700's. When these light, fast Arabians were bred
with the larger, cold-blooded English mares, the cross produced a horse with
size, speed and stamina.
With
the Thoroughbred established as a breed, horse racing also became a more
popular, and a better regulated, sport.
In 1711, Queen Anne had established regular race meetings at her park at
Ascot. Gentlemen also organized races
for themselves, often "matching" particular horses against each
other, and by 1727 a Racing Almanac began to be printed.
Around
1750, the gentlemen who regularly met at the Red Lion Inn at Newmarket started
the Jockey Club. By 1791, the Jockey
Club had issued the "General Stud Book", and by the early 1800's
Jockey Club stewards attended every racing meet and race, including the Derby,
first held in May of 1779, the first Derby was held. Racing now became a fashionable and expensive
sports.
Assize-week
was the time for races, for that was when the gentry came into the chief town
of the shire for trials and selling harvest.
Meets sprang up, and still run, at Newmarket in April and October, York
in May, Epsom, Ascot in June, Goodwood, Doncaster, Warick, Manchester,
Liverpool, Chester, Cheltenham, Bath, Worcester, and Newcastle.
Flat
and jumping races were also held for women only. Mrs. Bateman wrote in 1723, "Last week,
Mrs. Aslibie arranged a flat race for women, and nine of that sex, mounted
astride and dressed in short pants, jackets and jockey caps participated. They
were striking to see, and there was a great crowd to watch them. The race was a very lively one; but I hold it
indecent entertainment." Some
women--such as the infamous Letty Lade, who reportedly swore like a
coachman--rode and drove to please themselves, and made their own fashion
statement by bucking the trends for demure ladies.
But
racing could be a ruinous expensive sport, as stud fees increased in price for
the most successful sires. Before the
Prince Regent quit the racing scene in 1807, his racing stud farm cost him an
estimated 30,000 pounds a year.
The
less wealthy, however, could still enjoy equine sport through presence fox
hunting. For while expensive
Thoroughbreds hunters might also be seen in the hunt field, farmers also rode
their heavier draft horses, such as the Suffolk Punch, and children might well
be mounted upon handy Welsh Cobs or Welsh Ponies. The hunt field was where skill mattered more
than social position, and even a man in trade, such as Gunter, the confectioner
who ran the famous London shop which sold ices, could ride next to lords--and a
few ladies, too.
By
the 1780's, fox hunting had replaced the more ancient sport of stag
hunting. The Enclosure Acts of the
1700's had also changed the sport from its early form of gallops across open
land into races over fences, ditches and field.
November
to March was, and remains, fox hunting season, starting after the fall of the
leaf, when the fields lie fallow, and ending after the last frost, just before
the first planting.Hunt
territories varied widely. The fifth
Earl of Berkely hunted an area from Berkley Castle to Berkley Square,
stretching 120 miles. There
were two methods for being able to hunt with a pack. One could hunt by invitation of the hunt
master, or one could pay a fee to hunt with a subscription pack. By 1810 there were 24 subscription
packs. However, this would double, so
that by the mid-1800's hunting had become more a matter of subscribing in
exchange for the right to hunt with the pack.
The
golden age for hunting in Leichesterchire is considered to be 1810 to
1830. During this time, there were as
many as 300 hunters stabled in Melton Mowbray--with some gentlemen keeping up
to 12 hunters. A gentleman could hunt
six days a week with the Quorn, the Cottesmore, the Belvoir, and the Pytchley,
and to do so would need at least two mounts every day to keep pace with the
master and the pack of hounds.
Ladies,
while not generally found in the hunt, also rode to hounds. Mrs. Tuner Farley hunted for 50 years. Lady Salisbury was master of the Hatfield
Hunt from 1775 to 1819. She hunted old
and blind, in her sky blue habit, with a groom leading her horse and yelling at
her to, "Jump, damn you, my lady."
From 1788 to 1840, Lord Darlington hunted his own hounds four days a
week in Yorkshire and Durham, with his three daughters and his second wife, all
in their scarlet habits.
However,
between late 1700's to about mid 1800's, when the jumping pommel was invented
for the side saddle, ladies were more likely to be advised to "ride to the
meet and home again to work up an appetite."
It should be noted that a few ladies chose to ride astride. This was not common, but it was done, particularly by those who didn't really give a fig about what anyone thought of them.
Prior
to 1835, a side saddle had only one or two pommels. One turned up to support the right leg, and
some had a second pommel which turned down over the left leg. The 'jumping' pommel did
not exist in Regency times.
A
lady's riding habit also had to be cut so that it draped down over the horse's
side, covering ankle and boot in a lovely flow.
This drape required that a loop be attached to the hem, so that, when
dismounted, a lady could gather up the extra length of skirt. The fabric for a habit was usually a heavy
cotton, twill or wool. Due to its cut, a
habit provided any woman as much freedom as breeches did for a man.
Riding
habit styles often copied military fashion, with close cut coats, cravats, and
military shakos. Ladies always wore
gloves, both to preserve their hands, and to improve their grip upon the reins. The side saddle requires the rider to sit
with a straight back and with hips and shoulders absolutely even. Slightly more weight should be carried on the
right hip to compensate for the weight of both legs on the left. Any tilting to one side, leaning or twisting
eventually results in a horse with a sore back.
Side saddles have a broad, flat and
comfortably padded seat. The right leg
goes over a padded leather branch which turns up (the top pommel). The left leg is in a stirrup that is short
enough to bring it firmly up against a second pommel which turns down. If the horse plays up at all, the rider must
clamp both legs together, gripping these pommels.
On a comfortable horse, riding side saddle
soon begins to feel a bit like riding a padded rocking chair. It's far less tiring than riding astride for
the only effort is to sit straight and still. The important factor in riding side saddle
is the horse. A comfortable stride and
good manners are essential. This does
not have to be a placid horse, but should not be a horse with a rough or bumpy
stride.
Betty Skelton, author of Side Saddle
Riding, found that...."As a teenager in the 1920's, side saddle riding
was second nature to me. I found it
comfortable and I did not fall off as often as I had done from a cross
saddle." In teaching side saddle,
Ms. Skelton has found that a beginner rider can often be comfortably cantering
during her first lesson, which is far more progress than most can manage when
riding astride.
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